Emhlabeni wezokukhiqiza nezimboni, isimo sezwe siye saguqulwa unomphela ukuthuthuka okungapheli kobuchwepheshe.Emashumini eminyaka adlule, i-automation yezimboni ishintshile isuka emishinini elula yaya kumasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi aqhutshwa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) namarobhothi.Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizothatha uhambo phakathi nesikhathi ukuze sihlole ukuvela kwe-industrial automation.
Izinsuku Zokuqala: Imishini kanye Nenguquko Yezimboni
Imbewu ye-automation yezimboni yahlwanyelwa ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.Kuphawule ushintsho olukhulu ukusuka emsebenzini wezandla ukuya kwemishini, ngokusungulwa okufana ne-jenny yokuphotha kanye ne-power loom eguqula ukukhiqizwa kwezindwangu.Amanzi kanye namandla esitimu kwasetshenziswa ukushayela imishini, kwanda ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza.
Ukufika Kwemigqa Yomhlangano
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaba khona ukuvela kwemigqa yokuhlangana, eyasungulwa nguHenry Ford embonini yezimoto.Ukwethulwa kweFord komugqa wokuhlanganisa onyakazayo ngo-1913 akugcinanga nje ngokuguqula ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kodwa futhi kwabeka isibonelo sokukhiqiza ngobuningi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.Imigqa yomhlangano yandise ukusebenza kahle, yanciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi, futhi yavumela ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo esezingeni esikalini.
Ukunyuka Kwemishini Yokulawula Izinombolo (NC).
Ngawo-1950 nawo-1960, imishini yokulawula izinombolo yavela njengentuthuko enkulu.Le mishini, elawulwa amakhadi e-punch futhi kamuva nezinhlelo zekhompiyutha, ivumela ukusebenza kwemishini enembile nezenzakalelayo.Lobu buchwepheshe bavula indlela yemishini yeComputer Numerical Control (CNC), osekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba emikhiqizweni yesimanje.
Ukuzalwa Kwezilawuli Ezinengqondo Ezihlelekayo (PLCs)
Ngawo-1960 futhi kwasungulwa ama-Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).Eyakhelwe ekuqaleni ukuze ithathele indawo amasistimu asekelwe edluliselwe, ama-PLC aguqule ezishintshayo zezimboni ngokunikeza indlela eguquguqukayo nehlelekayo yokulawula imishini nezinqubo.Baba negalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizeni, okwenza i-automation isebenze kanye nokuqapha okukude.
Amarobhothi kanye Nezinhlelo Zokukhiqiza Ezivumelanayo
Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaphawula ukwanda kwamarobhothi ezimboni.Amarobhothi afana ne-Unimate, ethulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, ayengamavulandlela kulo mkhakha.Lawa marobhothi asekuqaleni ayesetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imisebenzi ethathwa njengeyingozi noma ephindaphindayo kubantu.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, amarobhothi ashintshashintsha kakhulu futhi ekwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi eyahlukene, okuholela kumqondo weFlexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS).
Ukuhlanganiswa Kobuchwepheshe Bolwazi
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 kwafakaza ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi (IT) ku-automation yezimboni.Lokhu kuhlangana kudale ukuthi kube nezinhlelo zokulawula nokutholwa kwedatha (i-SCADA) kanye ne-Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES).Lezi zinhlelo zivumele ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuhlaziya idatha, nokwenza izinqumo ezithuthukisiwe ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza.
Imboni 4.0 kanye ne-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT)
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umqondo we-Industry 4.0 usuthole ukuvelela.I-Industrial 4.0 imele inguquko yesine yezimboni futhi ibonakala ngokuhlangana kwezinhlelo zomzimba nobuchwepheshe bedijithali, i-AI, ne-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT).Ibona ngeso lengqondo ikusasa lapho imishini, imikhiqizo, nezinhlelo zixhumana futhi zibambisane ngokuzimele, okuholela ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezivumelana nezimo.
I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) kanye Nokufunda Ngomshini
I-AI nokufunda ngomshini kuvele njengabashintshi begeyimu ku-automation yezimboni.Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela imishini ukuthi ifunde kudatha, yenze izinqumo, futhi ivumelane nezimo ezishintshayo.Ekwenziweni, amasistimu anamandla e-AI angakwazi ukwandisa amashejuli okukhiqiza, abikezele izidingo zokugcinwa kwemishini, futhi enze imisebenzi yokulawula ikhwalithi ngokunemba okungakaze kubonwe.
Amarobhothi Asebenzisanayo (Ama-Cobots)
Amarobhothi asebenzisanayo, noma ama-cobots, ayinto eqanjiwe yakamuva ku-automation yezimboni.Ngokungafani namarobhothi endabuko ezimboni, ama-cobots aklanyelwe ukusebenza eduze kwabantu.Banikeza izinga elisha lokuguquguquka ekukhiqizeni, okuvumela ukusebenzisana kwerobhothi labantu emisebenzini edinga ukunemba nokusebenza kahle.
Ikusasa: Autonomous Manufacturing and Beyond
Uma sibheka phambili, ikusasa le-automation yezimboni linamathuba ajabulisayo.Ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo, lapho wonke amafekthri esebenza ngokungenelela okuncane komuntu, kuseduze.Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D nokukhiqiza okungeziwe buyaqhubeka nokuvela, bunikeza izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ngempumelelo.I-Quantum computing ingase ithuthukise kabusha amaketanga okuhlinzeka nezinqubo zokukhiqiza.
Sengiphetha, ukuvela kwe-automation yezimboni kube uhambo olumangalisayo kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokusebenzisa imishini kuya enkathini ye-AI, IoT, kanye nerobhothi.Isigaba ngasinye silethe ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukunemba, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza.Njengoba simi esicongweni sekusasa, kuyacaca ukuthi i-industrial automation izoqhubeka nokulolonga indlela esikhiqiza ngayo impahla, siqhubekisela phambili ukuqanjwa kabusha kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo emhlabeni wonke.Okuwukuphela kwesiqiniseko ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kusekude ukuphela, futhi isahluko esilandelayo sithembisa ukuba yinto engavamile nakakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-15-2023